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The shoulder is composed of bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons that work together to create comfortable movement. 对任何 part of the shoulder can result in pain and discomfort.
Most patients with shoulder complaints don't need shoulder surgery. 肩膀 pains and discomforts can usually be treated with rest, ice, therapy, 和药物治疗. One key is to avoid doing activities that cause pain, however this can be a challenge given certain job requirements or recreational 首选项. Overusing the shoulder can prevent healing and increase pain. Surgery is available when the pain or discomfort has not been relieved. The decision to have shoulder surgery should be a cooperative one made between you, your family, your family physician, and your orthopedic surgeon.
There are several reasons why your doctor may recommend shoulder surgery. People who benefit from shoulder surgery often suffer from:
Also known as tendinitis, impingement is repeated overhead movements that can inflame the shoulder 联合, causing pain and problems with certain 手臂动作. An injection may help, or a surgeon can smooth out the bones, and detach ligaments to relieve pressure and allow the arm to move 更自由地.
骨关节炎 is the wearing away of the cartilage and socket of the shoulder 联合. Eventually, the bone becomes exposed and develops growths called 热刺. Without a cushion of cartilage, the 联合 can become stiff and painful and can feel as if the bones are grinding together as the arm 移动. A surgeon can remove parts of the 联合, smooth out damaged surfaces, and replace parts of the 联合 to allow easier, pain-free movement.
骨折s occur when you fall on an outstretched arm or on the shoulder 本身. A fractured shoulder is very painful. 外科医生可以修复骨折 with various devices, ranging from plates, screws, and wires. 肩膀 replacement surgery may be necessary if the fracture is severe.
The rotator cuff is a group of four tendons and related muscles that stabilize the shoulder 联合 and allow you to raise and rotate the arm. 受伤 the rotator cuff can occur after a fall, lifting heavy weights, and repetitive 手臂活动. A surgeon can relieve the pain by repairing the torn tendons back to the arm or smoothing out any bone 热刺 that are pinching the tendons.
The capsule is the part of the shoulder that holds the join firmly 在适当的位置. A stretched capsule is loose and is therefore not able to hold the 联合 在适当的位置. A surgeon can repair this by folding the capsule over 本身 把它缝合到位. This tightens the capsule, making the shoulder 关节更稳定.
The labrum is a cuff of cartilage in the shoulder that forms a cup for the end of the arm bone to move within. 阴唇支撑着肩膀 with stability and a variety of movements. 伤害或过度使用会导致 the labrum to tear, causing the 联合 to feel like its dislocated or slipping 不合时宜的. A torn labrum is repaired by reattaching it to the glenoid (the socket of the shoulder ball and socket 联合). 外科医生会缝合 the labrum 在适当的位置 and attach it to special anchors put into the glenoid bone, granting stability and restoring movement.
The synovium in the shoulder 联合 thickens and forms a tissue growth that 附着在软骨上. This growth, called the pannus, releases chemicals that gradually wears away the cartilage in the shoulder. 关节可能 then become swollen and cause pain into the neck and arm. 药物 can help reduce inflammation and pain. 外科医生可以通过外科手术进行修复 the damaged 联合s to reduce pain if medications fail to remove the damage.
After surgery, patients will be given specific instructions on how to care 为了他们的肩膀. 病人 will be provided with exercises 和药物治疗s 缓解：帮助减轻疼痛或不适.
In addition, patients can also sign up for exercise programs. 这些项目 是恢复的重要组成部分吗. Learning shoulder exercises will aid 恢复力量和运动. Generally, patients will begin strength rehabilitation exercises 4-6 weeks after surgery.
It will take time to fully regain the use of the shoulder after surgery. Recovery times differ based on the type of operation and on the patient. 病人 will generally begin lifting exercises 6 weeks-6 months after surgery, with strength training exercises continuing for up to 1-2 years.